接近饱和的强势
WSJ北京时间2006年03月11日08:46纽约汇市周五,美元兑欧元走高,但尾盘受获利回吐和技术因素影响尾盘缩减涨幅。
根据电子交易系统(EBS)的报价,纽约汇市尾盘,欧元兑1.1916美元,与周四尾盘的1.1912美元基本持平。
虽然强劲的就业数据是周五外汇市场波动的主要催化剂,但这仅是市场大主题的一个部分。
不过,美元周五相当一部分涨幅是在美国就业报告发布后实现的。消息一经发布,美元兑欧元便触及一周来最高水平。
美国2月份非农就业人数攀升24.3万人,1月份和去年12月份修正后的增幅分别为17万和14.5万人。失业率从前月的4.7%微升至4.8%。就业增幅好于预期的21.2万人,但经济学家此前预计失业率持稳于4.7%。
许多外汇市场参与者在数据发布前都押注美元走高,这使得美元起初升势受到限制,交易员不愿贸然进一步推高美元。但随著时间的推移,投资者将就业数据视为显示美国经济向好的信号,美元买盘随之涌现。
该数据表明,由于经济表现良好,美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve, 简称Fed)近期将继续加息,全球投资者因此有理由持有美元。
投资者近来尤为关注美国和其他地区的利率走势,并将此视为影响汇率的关键因素。由于市场预期美国将继续加息,而且周四投资者也对于美元走势不利的、显示美国1月份贸易逆差增幅大于预期的报告未予理会,因此美元今日保持强势。
贝尔斯登(Bear Stearns)驻伦敦的首席外汇策略师Steven Barrow称,美元仍有继续上涨的潜能。
他说,美元将保持上涨基调。 WSJ北京时间2006年03月13日18:13
亚洲汇市周一,欧元兑美元走高,交易员表示,市场对欧元区的加息预期促使短线投资者买进欧元。
交易商表示,关于亚洲央行逢低买进欧元兑美元的传闻也刺激了市场人士在早盘时买进欧元,卖出美元。
由于设置在1.1935美元上方的止损买盘指令在晚些时候被这些市场人士所触发,从而推送欧元升至盘中高点1.1950美元,但市场交投依然清淡。
德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)驻东京外汇交易副总裁Ko Haruki表示,市场预计欧元区利率水平将较之前预测有所提高,这种猜测引发了市场对欧元的追捧。
Haruki表示,考虑到欧元区通货膨胀风险加大,德意志银行上调了欧元区利率预期。
德意志银行目前预计,欧洲央行(European Central Bank)将在2007年上半年将利率最高提升至3.5%,该行此前预期央行将在2006年下半年最高加息至3.0%。
德意志银行经济学家在给客户的研究报告中写道,欧元区今年的通货膨胀可能较2005年(平均通货膨胀率为2.2%)有所上升,此外,2007年通货膨胀率(平均通货膨胀率可能为2.2%)持续上升的预期将继续给明年的欧元区利率带来上调压力。
虽然欧元上涨,分析师们依然认为,美元走势仍然强于欧元,因为美国经济呈现强势,且预计美国还将再加息两至三次。
未来几天将陆续公布大量美国经济数据,这些数据有望印证上述观点。
三菱东京UFJ银行(Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ)外汇分析师Kikuko Takeda表示,上周市场人士的目光全部投向日本央行(BOJ),但现在市场焦点将再度转向美国的宏观经济数据和美元强势方面。
Takeda称,美国2月份消费者价格指数(CPI)将最受外汇市场的关注,因为该数据应能为美国联邦公开市场委员会(Federal Open Market Committee)是否会在3月28日下一次会议上再度加息提供更为清晰的线索。 WSJ北京时间2006年03月14日07:19
纽约汇市周一美元兑欧元走低,但盘中呈现较温和的区间波动。本周即将公布的一些经济数据可能对美元走势产生不利影响。
美元汇率在上周的大幅上涨之后回落,本周二美国将公布2005年第四季度经常项目赤字数据,预计该季经常项目赤字将从第三季度的1,958亿美元扩大至2,195亿美元。周三美国财政部还将公布国际资本流动数据,该数据可能也将加剧市场对美国经济外部失衡的担忧。
电子交易系统显示,尾盘时,欧元兑1.1953美元,高于上周五尾盘时的1.1916美元 。
与此同时,欧元兑美元的强势表现部分是受到本周将公布的经济数据支撑。这些数据包括德国研究机构欧洲经济研究中心(ZEW)的指数,部分分析师表示,该指数可能显示德国的商业信心已有所上升。欧元兑美元汇率的上升尤其受到欧元兑日圆更大幅度上扬的连带影响。
此外,前夜有关阿联酋央行行长Hamad Saud al-Sayyari讲话的报导也为欧元提供了支撑。al-Sayyari称,该行正计划将其10%的外汇储备资产由美元转为欧元。但此番言论并无新意,此前阿联酋当地报纸《Al Ittihad》在3月8日的报导中披露了同样的计划,后来该报导被英语新闻机构广为转载。 WSJ北京时间2006年03月15日07:15
纽约汇市周二美元走软,因此前最新公布的经济数据显示美国2月份商品零售额意外大幅下降,而去年第四季度的经常项目赤字又进一步扩大。
美元承压的另一个原因是,市场担心美国联邦储备委员会(Fed)未来的加息力度可能不会像一些人预期的那样大。不过,市场上的这种担忧情绪后来因为里士满联邦储备银行行长Jeffrey Lacker的讲话而得到缓解。Lacker在接受道琼斯采访时表示,Fed应该维持加息进程,以防通货膨胀威胁。
然而,随著美国经济数据在今日北美交易时段早些时候的发布推动了美国国债收益的急剧下滑,美元开始遭遇到了更为广泛的压力。欧元兑美元大幅突破1.20美元关口,创下一周多来的新高。
据电子交易系统显示,纽约市场周二尾盘,欧元兑1.2015美元,周一尾盘为1.1953美元;
此后,美国商务部公布,经季节因素调整后,2月份商品零售额下降了1.3%,显示消费需求趋软。经济学家此前对2月份零售额降幅的预期中值为0.8%,美国1月份零售额经向上修正后为增长2.9%。
另外,美国商务部(Commerce Department)周二公布,美国2005年第四季度经常项目赤字增至2,249亿美元,第三季度经向下修正后为1,854亿美元。第三季度经常项目赤字初值为1,958亿美元。
外汇市场近来将关注重点放在了美国的加息政策对美元的提振效应上,而忽视了如若流入美国的海外资本难以弥补其经常项目赤字,美元因此可能遭到的打击。不过,美国第四季度的巨额经常项目赤字还是让部分投资者重新认识到,一旦Fed停止加息,赤字因素所蕴含的对美元汇率的负面影响。
花旗集团(Citigroup)驻纽约的外汇策略师Jeffrey Young指出,从中长期来看,经常项目赤字状况的进一步恶化仍是美元的一大看跌因素。 WSJ北京时间2006年03月16日08:29
美元周三延续了最近的跌势,美国财政部(Treasury Department)此前发布的报告显示,流入美国资产的全球资金低于预期。
欧元兑美元汇率连续第三个交易日走高,并达到一周以来最高水平。欧元兑美元汇率也突破了关键技术水平。部分分析师认为,这预示著欧元汇率将进一步走强。
纽约汇市周三尾盘,欧元从周二尾盘的1.2015美元上涨至1.2074美元;
美元弱势延续至本交易日尾盘,美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve,简称:Fed)发布相对乐观的黄皮书甚至也未能提振美元汇率。
早些时候公布的美国财政部国际资本流动数据弱于预期,美元承受下行压力。
美国财政部国际资本流动数据显示,海外投资者1月份净买入660亿美元的长期美国证券,高于12月修正后的538亿美元,但市场此前预计该数据将回升至725亿美元。美国1月份贸易逆差为685亿美元。
部分投资者从美国财政部国际资本流动数据中寻找线索,判断美国利用海外资金流入弥补巨额经常项目赤字的能力,但另一些投资者则认为,该数据过于滞后,用以判断美国为赤字融资能力的作用有限。
分析师们称,目前令人担心的是,市场对海外资金净流入水平偏低导致的美国结构失衡问题的再度关注,将加剧美元近期跌势。在美国公布2月份零售销售数据低于预期,第四季度经常项目赤字扩大至纪录水平之后,美元周二大幅下跌。
对美元构成压力的因素还有,Fed加息力度可能不如预期。
MG金融集团(MG Financial)驻纽约的首席外汇策略师Ashraf Laidi表示,欧元兑美元走强,已使欧元周三突破了200日移动均线。
Laidi称,欧元在1月底已接近了上述技术水平,但周三的突破伴随著动能指标的明显改善,显示欧元的涨势将更为持久。
Laidi表示,预计未来几日欧元兑美元将继续上涨。
人民币升值之际正值美国贸易逆差扩大引起的紧张局面加剧之时,在美国财政部于下月向国会提交外汇报告之前具有重要意义。美国可能将在该报告中将中国确定为汇率操纵国。
大势在涨,涨到哪里都很合理
WSJ 北京时间2006年03月17日08:22美元周四全线走低,美国经济数据显示,2月份消费者价格增幅低于预期,3月份费城联邦储备银行辖区经济活动放缓。
经济数据支持了外汇市场上周的主基调,即对于美国联邦储备委员会(Fed)上调利率之预期的担忧可能过火。
美元兑欧元连续第五个交易日下跌,使得欧元升至7周高点。欧元兑美元突破了关键的1.2150美元关口,一些技术分析师暗示,这种突破预示著欧元将进一步走强。
尾盘时,欧元从纽约汇市周三尾盘的1.2074美元涨至1.2175美元;
在美国公布弱于预期的2月份核心消费者价格指数(CPI)数据之后,美元开始承受压力。
过去几天内美元对经济数据尤为敏感,市场对Fed未来加息的力度感到不安。Fed曾表示,进一步加息将取决于未来的经济数据。CPI数据弱于预期可能有助于降低市场对利率上升的预期。
此外,美元近期还受到其他因素的压力,包括美国贸易逆差和经常项目赤字的扩大,这都使美元看跌。
本交易日尾盘时,美元延续跌势,此前费城联邦储备银行(Philadelphia Fed)公布,3月份商业景气指数从2月份的15.4降至12.3。
然而,分析师们称,促使投资者大举抛售美元/欧元的因素不仅仅是上述数据。
荷兰银行(ABN Amro)驻芝加哥的外汇策略师Greg Anderson称,各种因素的综合作用导致美元下跌。他说,美国财政部(Treasury)周三公布的海外资金流入数据低于预期再次引发了投资者对美国经常项目赤字的担忧。
此外,美国政府对中国汇率机制的担忧似乎正在升温。
Anderson表示,他认为市场开始预期美国政府将奉行弱势美元的政策,因此预计下周欧元/美元可能涨至1.2300美元。 WSJ 北京时间2006年03月18日09:03
纽约汇市周五美元再度走低,以大幅下跌结束了全周的交易。在本周中,经济数据疲软、投资者对美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve, 简称Fed)未来加息的预期减弱以及技术面因素恶化都打击了美元的表现。
欧元兑美元本周上涨2.4%,升至将近两个月以来的最高水平。美元兑日圆本周则下跌了大约2.7%,跌至两周左右以来的最低点。
对技术分析师来说,欧元在过去一周中持续突破关键价位1.2150美元是未来继续看涨的一个积极信号。
投资者对欧洲央行(European Central Bank)的加息预期增强为欧元提供了支持。
纽约汇市周五尾盘,欧元兑1.2195美元,高于周四尾盘时的1.2175美元。
与此同时,中国人民币兑美元连续第二个交易日收盘走高,因为美国向中国施加的、要求人民币以更快速度升值的政治压力与日俱增。美国国会中在人民币问题上持最强硬态度的两位参议员Charles Schumer和Lindsey Graham下周将访问中国,市场将对于予以密切关注。市场关注的核心问题是,上述两位参议员最终是否会推动参议院就他们提出的一项议案进行投票。议案旨在提高对中国商品所征收的关税,理由是中国的汇率制度缺乏灵活性。
在过去两周中,人民币汇率出现了前所未有的大幅波动。本周三,美元兑人民币创出了最大单日跌幅,并跌至去年7月21日中国重估人民币汇率以来的最低水平。
3/20 0700 Germany Producer prices MoM Feb 1.2% 0.2%
3/20 0700 Germany Producer prices YoY Feb 5.6% 5.3%
3/20 1500 US Leading indicators Feb 1.1% -0.3%
3/20 1600 US Fed's Minehan speaks on the economy
3/20 1710 US Fed's Yellen speaks
3/21 0000 US Fed's Bernanke speaks to Econ. Club of NYC
3/21 0745 France Consumer spending Mom Feb 0.9% 0.3%
3/21 0745 France Consumer spending YoY Feb 2.5% 3.2%
3/21 1000 EC Bundebank's Weber annual press conf.
3/21 1330 US PPI MoM Feb 0.3% -0.2%
3/21 1330 US PPI YoY Feb 5.7% 4.8%
3/21 1330 US PPI core ex-F&E MoM Feb 0.4% 0.1%
3/21 1330 US PPI core ex-F&E YoY Feb 1.5% 1.6%
3/21 2200 US ABC consumer confidence w/e 3/20 -8 n/a
3/22 1000 EC Eurozone trade balance Jan -0.9 bio -4.5 bio
3/22 1000 EC Eurozone trade balance Jan -2.4 bio -2.3 bio
3/22 1000 EC Industrial new orders MoM Jan 2.5% -0.2%
3/22 1000 EC Industrial new orders YoY Jan 7.1% 11.4%
3/22 1200 US MBA mortgage applications w/e 3/17 -0.2% n/a
3/23 0900 EC Eurozone current account Jan -5.3 bio n/a
3/23 0900 EC Eurozone current account nsa Jan -0.3 bio n/a
3/23 1330 US Weekly jobless claims w/e 3/18 309K 304K
3/23 1330 US Continuing claims w/e 3/11 2.445 mio n/a
3/23 1500 EC ECB's Mersch speaks
3/23 1500 US Existing home sales Feb 6.56 mio 6.50 mio
3/23 1930 EC ECB's Trichet speaks
3/24 0700 Germany Import price index MoM Feb 0.9% 0.2%
3/24 0700 Germany Import price index YoY Feb 6.8% 6.2%
3/24 0745 France Wages QoQ 4Q 1.0% 0.5%
3/24 1330 US Durable goods orders Feb -9.9% 1.2%
3/24 1330 US Druable goods orders ex-trans Feb 0.9% 1.0%
3/24 1500 US New home sales Feb 1.233 mio 1.2000mio
the week outlook
The dollar reversed course and declined sharply this past week, very much in line with last week’s outlook, and the road ahead continues to look rocky for the US dollar. However, before we get too bearish on the greenback, it should be noted that this week’s declines have once again brought us back into the center of the range (in US dollar index terms) that has dominated since the start of 2006.
Before we get into next week’s outlook, let’s take a quick glance back to re-orient ourselves. The fluctuations in the 2006 YTD range have largely been driven by interest rate expectations between the Fed and the ECB. Looking back one week, the dollar was rallying based on the notion that the Fed might have to move interest rates beyond the 5.0% level based on underlying strength in the US economy and persistent fears of inflation pressures rekindling. That notion was abruptly dashed this week on softer US growth and inflation reports, as well as by a noted hedge fund adviser suggesting that the Fed was likely to pause in its tightening cycle after one or two more ¼% hikes. In this sense, the dollar has clearly surrendered any premium from a Fed Funds rate above 5.0%. But the trickier question is whether the dollar is also about to give up its premium from an additional two ¼ point rate hikes on 3/28 and 5/10.
At the current moment I would suggest this is highly unlikely based on renewed strength in energy prices and continued expectations of solid US growth over the next several months. Crude oil prices surged 5% on a weekly close basis, despite continued inventory build-up and reduced OPEC demand forecasts going forward. The run-up in oil stemmed mainly from tensions brewing over the US/Iran confrontation and received an added boost from re-invigorated US military operations in Iraq. The Iran risk premium seems unlikely to evaporate in the immediate future, and could potentially increase if diplomatic efforts falter (which seems likely), leaving US/allied military action as the primary means of resolving the stand-off. From the Fed’s viewpoint, though, the primary consideration is that energy prices remain high and could move higher, and this will lead them to remain pre-disposed to tightening to forestall second-round inflation effects from higher energy. The growth side of the equation, while dented by some of this past week’s data, remains relatively upbeat and in no danger of a hard-landing in the next two quarters. This also argues for two more Fed rate hikes.
US Treasury yields, having rallied late last week, reacted quickly to the advisory report suggesting a Fed pause is one/two hikes away, and yields fell back sharply to prior highs at 4.62/63 and look set to close at 4.67% on the week. More significantly, trendline support for higher yields has held and this suggests the Treasury market has recovered its balance and is returning to the view of a Fed funds rate of 5.0% in mid-May.
Gold prices recovered as the dollar collapsed, but gold’s recovery has stalled at broken trendline support from March 8, now resistance at $557/558/oz and rising. Given the extent of dollar weakness and shift in market sentiment this week, gold’s recovery looks unimpressive and is further belied by lower inflation readings reported this past week. Candlestick formations (Hanging man followed by a Doji) also suggest a resumption of the yellow metal’s decline. Only further sharp dollar weakness is likely to overwhelm this forecast, and strength on a daily closing basis over $560 would turn the outlook higher.
Turning ahead to next week’s outlook for the US dollar, the momentum and sentiment are certainly negative and there has been no dollar bounce of consequence during the whole move down. Market flow information suggests dollar selling has been broad-based, with both short-term speculative names as well as longer-term asset managers all turning bearish on the dollar at the same time. These are potentially the hallmarks of a nascent trend lower for the dollar. But the reality is that we have been here before several times in recent months, only to have interest rate expectations reverse and take the dollar higher. While I expect the dollar to remain under pressure next week, I also expect it to begin to form a base at slightly lower levels and then to recover higher in the days preceding the March 28 FOMC decision.
In US dollar index terms, the dollar’s decline has reached the 88.90 level, which has acted as a significant pivot point since mid-August 2005, and as support since January. Also of note, Friday’s daily dollar-index candlestick could be viewed as a hammer, signifying a reversal point in the sharp downdraft. For me to become more dollar-bearish and to reinforce the notion that a new downtrend is emerging, we will need a daily close below rising trendline support that currently comes in at 88.50 (drawn off the lows of Sept. 2005 and Jan. 2006). If this scenario is to play out, USD/JPY will likely lead the way. For that to happen, daily trendline support dating back to May 2005 (currently at 115.70, with additional minor support at daily lows at 115.50), will need to give way and hold on a weekly closing basis.
Events on the data/speaker front are likely to assist the dollar’s basing and likely recovery into the end of March. Monday’s Conference Board index of leading economic indicators for February is expected to show a slight decline (exp. -0.3% vs. prior 1.1%), but we already know Feb. was weaker than Jan., so dollar selling should be limited. On Monday night EST, Fed Chairman Bernanke will speak to the Economic Club of NY on “Reflections on the Yield Curve and Monetary Policy”. The topic suggests a prime opportunity for Bernanke to downplay the historical relationship of the Treasury yield curve as a predictor of future economic performance (as he has in the past), and instead highlight the underlying resilience of the ‘new’ US economy. His remarks could be pivotal in the sense of reminding markets of the still solid outlook for the US economy as well as the need to remain vigilant in the inflation fight. US February PPI on Tuesday is expected to see a slight decline in headline MoM terms, similar to that seen in CPI, but the core ex-F&E is expected to increase slightly MoM and YoY. Finally, on Friday US Feb. durable goods orders are expected to rebound and rise 1.2% on a headline basis and 1.0% in core ex-transportation.
[ 本帖最后由 phangson 于 2006-3-18 14:19 编辑 ] OK 辛苦了! 纯顶